Introduction
Pressure injuries are a significant healthcare concern that often requires involvement by an interprofessional team. While nurses play a crucial role in pressure injury prevention, physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are critical in supporting patient outcomes. The 2021 journal article by Slayton et al., “The Role of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy in Pressure Injury Prevention,“ provides a detailed review of the pathophysiology, evaluation, assessment, and evidence-based treatment interventions therapists should consider to prevent pressure injury. Also, we encourage PTs and OTs interested in gaining a deeper understanding of improving care through pressure injury prevention to check out Dr. Stephanie Slayton’s CEU course, Pressure Injury Prevention for the Non-Wound Care Therapist”. This post will summarize three key aspects therapists need to know about pressure injury prevention and why they must integrate these principles into their practice.
Pressure Injuries: A Costly Burden on Society
Pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are not only physically painful for patients but also financially burdensome for society. These wounds result from prolonged pressure on the skin, often seen in individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility. The costs of treating pressure injuries, including medical interventions, extended hospital stays, and long-term care, are staggering. By understanding the economic implications of pressure injuries, therapists can appreciate the importance of prevention in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
Occupational Therapy’s Role
Occupational therapists are critical in preventing pressure injuries, especially when working with patients with disabilities or reduced functional independence. They focus on enhancing patients’ ability to perform daily activities and recommend adaptive equipment and techniques to reduce the risk of pressure injuries. OTs must collaborate closely with patients, their families, and the healthcare team to create personalized care plans for mobility, positioning, and skin integrity. By integrating pressure injury prevention strategies into their practice, occupational therapists can significantly improve their patient’s quality of life.
Physical Therapy’s Role
Physical therapists are key players in pressure injury prevention, as they work with patients to restore mobility and function. They assess patients’ physical limitations, design exercise programs, and provide guidance on proper body mechanics. PTs also educate patients on the importance of regular movement and positioning changes to alleviate pressure on vulnerable areas. Understanding the biomechanics of pressure related injuries and incorporating preventive measures into rehabilitation plans are essential aspects of a physical therapist’s role.
Integrating OT and PT in Practice Frameworks
“The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice” and “Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process” emphasize the holistic approach therapists should adopt when addressing pressure injury prevention. PTs and OTs should collaborate effectively to address the following:
- Assessment: OTs and PTs should assess patients for risk factors related to pressure injuries during their evaluations. This includes evaluating mobility, sensory perception, and skin integrity.
- Intervention: Collaborative care plans should incorporate strategies to prevent these injuries. PTs can focus on improving mobility and strength, while OTs can recommend adaptive equipment and techniques to promote skin integrity.
- Education: Therapists should educate patients and their caregivers about regular repositioning, skincare, and pressure-relieving devices. They should also emphasize the role of mobility and exercise in preventing pressure injuries.
Key Takeaways for Effective Prevention
Pressure injury prevention is a multidisciplinary effort involving nursing, physical, and occupational therapists. By understanding the economic and clinical implications of pressure injuries, therapists can appreciate the urgency of their role in prevention. OTs and PTs must collaborate effectively, incorporating preventive measures into their evaluations, interventions, and patient education. Together, they can significantly impact reducing the incidence of pressure injuries and improving patient outcomes.
Pressure injury prevention is not just a nursing concern; it’s a responsibility that extends across the healthcare spectrum. By integrating these principles into their daily practice, occupational and physical therapists can contribute to better patient care and a healthier society.
Incorporating pressure injury prevention into your practice as an occupational therapist or physical therapist is not just a choice; it’s a commitment to the well-being of your patients and the healthcare system. Together, let’s work towards a future where pressure injuries are rare and patients receive the comprehensive care they deserve.
Resources
- The Role of Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pressure Injury Prevention.
- American Occupational Therapy Association Inc. Fact Sheet: Occupational Therapy’s Role in Acute Care
- Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process—Fourth Edition
- The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice